Nine in ten public sector organisations to focus on agentic AI in the next 2-3 years, but data readiness is still a challenge

• Public sector organisations recognise the potential of AI for enhancing decision making, improving service delivery and driving operational efficiency, with two-thirds (64%) already exploring or actively working on Gen AI initiatives

• Challenges with data readiness remain, with only 21% of public sector organisations saying they have the requisite data to train and fine-tune AI models

Paris, May 20, 2025 – The new Capgemini Research Institute report published today, ‘Data foundations for government – From AI ambition to execution,’ finds that two thirds of public sector organisations are already exploring or actively using generative AI (Gen AI) initiatives to aid the provision of public services. Public sector organisations are also preparing to embrace agentic AI, with 90% planning to explore, pilot, or implement the technology within the next 2-3 years. However, these organisations lag in crucial data readiness, hindering their ability to leverage the full potential of AI. Currently, they face significant challenges with trust, compliance, data management and data sharing.

With governments seeking to boost efficiency, improve public services, and address complex societal challenges, public sector organisations have high expectations for AI. According to the new report, within the next 2-3 years, 39% of public sector organisations aim to evaluate the feasibility of agentic AI, 45% intend to explore pilot programs, and 6% plan to scale their existing agentic AI initiatives. Attitudes towards agentic AI adoption are mostly consistent across segments, levels of government, and organisational sises. The report finds that nearly two-thirds (64%) of organisations have progressed to pilots and scaled deployments, or are exploring Gen AI, with this number rising to 82% in defense agencies, 75% in healthcare, and 70% in security.

“With rising citisen demands and stretched resources, public sector organisations recognise the ways in which AI can help them do more with less. However, the ability to deploy Gen AI and agentic AI depends on having rock-solid data foundations,” said Marc Reinhardt, Public Sector Global Industry Leader at Capgemini. “Looking ahead, governments can be more agile and effective as AI augments the work of government employees to source information, conduct policy analysis, make decisions, and answer citisen queries. However, to reach this future, governments need to focus on building the right data infrastructure and governance frameworks.”

Organisations struggle with AI adoption due to data and trust issues

Despite ambitions to embrace and scale AI use, public sector executives cite data security issues (79%) and limited trust in AI-generated outputs (74%) as primary barriers to widespread adoption. In the EU, organisations report a significant gap in confidence when it comes to complying with the EU AI Act[1], with less than four in ten (36%) prepared to meet these requirements. 

To progress their Gen AI adoption, public sector organisations require better data mastery, with the public sector showing limited progress in key areas of data management and utilisation since 2020. The report finds that only 12% of organisations consider themselves very mature in activating data, while 7% report being very mature in nurturing data and AI-related skills. Only a fifth (21%) of public sector organisations surveyed have the required data to train and fine-tune AI models, including Gen AI models.

Data sharing concerns and the rise of the Chief Data Officer

Data sharing is vital for AI adoption as it boosts the volume and diversity of data to enhance AI model performance and optimise decision making. But data sharing initiatives are further complicated by concerns about data, cloud, and AI sovereignty. Despite all public sector organisations surveyed either having or planning to have data sharing initiatives, they are not yet mature; most organisations (65%) worldwide are still in the planning or pilot stages.

Governments are increasingly recognising the critical role of harnessing data in the public sector, and this is reflected in the growing prominence of Chief Data Officers (CDO) and Chief AI Officers (CAIO). As many as 64% of public sector organisations already have a CDO, while 24% plan to appoint one, showing a willingness to invest in dedicated leadership for data-driven governance. Furthermore, the increasing strategic value of AI has resulted in over a quarter (27%) of public sector organisations appointing a Chief AI Officer, over a quarter (27%) already having one and 41% planning to introduce this new C-level role.

Report Methodology

In December 2024 and January 2025, the Capgemini Research Institute conducted a survey of executives from 350 public sector organisations with two respondents from each organisation – one from the IT/data function and one from a line of business (LOB). These executives represented organisations across six public sector segments: public administration, tax and customs, welfare, defense, security, and healthcare. They operated at various levels of government, including national, state, local, and international, and were located in countries across North America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East.

About Capgemini

Capgemini is a global business and technology transformation partner, helping organisations to accelerate their dual transition to a digital and sustainable world, while creating tangible impact for enterprises and society. It is a responsible and diverse group of 340,000 team members in more than 50 countries. With its strong over 55-year heritage, Capgemini is trusted by its clients to unlock the value of technology to address the entire breadth of their business needs. It delivers end-to-end services and solutions leveraging strengths from strategy and design to engineering, all fueled by its market leading capabilities in AI, generative AI, cloud and data, combined with its deep industry expertise and partner ecosystem. The Group reported 2024 global revenues of €22.1 billion.

Get The Future You Want | www.capgemini.com

About the Capgemini Research Institute

The Capgemini Research Institute is Capgemini’s in-house think-tank on all things digital. The Institute publishes research on the impact of digital technologies on large traditional businesses. The team draws on the worldwide network of Capgemini experts and works closely with academic and technology partners. The Institute has dedicated research centres in India, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was ranked #1 in the world for the quality of its research by independent analysts for six consecutive times – an industry first.

Visit us at https://www.capgemini.com/researchinstitute/

[1] AI Act | Shaping Europe’s digital future