{"id":1100698,"date":"2024-03-26T06:07:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T06:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/?post_type=research-and-insight&#038;p=1100698"},"modified":"2026-01-22T07:59:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T07:59:28","slug":"discussion-with-susan-hockfield","status":"publish","type":"research-and-insight","link":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/insights\/research-library\/discussion-with-susan-hockfield\/","title":{"rendered":"Discussion with Susan Hockfield"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<header class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-hero-reusable header heroReusable  \"><div class=\"header-bgs\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 1500px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=1440&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=768&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg?w=768&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 0)\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Conversation-for-Tomorrow-8-Dotcom-banner.jpg\" class=\"header-img header-img-d\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"eager\"\/><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"heroPictureCardHeaderShape\"><\/div><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"boxTagWrapper\"><div class=\"tagInfo\"><div><span class=\"box-tag\">Sustainability<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"box-title\"><h1 data-maxlength=\"34\">Value creation through synthetic biology<\/h1><\/div><div class=\"inner-row-insight download-btn\"><div class=\"col-md-4 downloadFiles \"><a class=\"button-download--small\" type=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2024\/03\/Final-Web-Version-Report-CFT8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><span>Download the report<\/span><span class=\"type\">13 MB  pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"col-md-4 downloadFiles \"><a class=\"button-download--small\" type=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2024\/03\/Final-Infographic-CFT8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><span>Download infographic<\/span><span class=\"type\">2 MB  pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"col-md-4 downloadFiles \"><a class=\"button-download--small\" type=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Prof.-Susan-Hockfield.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><span>Download article<\/span><span class=\"type\">2 MB  pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-intro-para undefined section section--intro\"><div class=\"intro-para\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-1\"><nav class=\"article-social\"><ul class=\"social-nav\"><li class=\"ip-order-fb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/insights\/research-library\/discussion-with-susan-hockfield\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-fb\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ip-order-li\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/insights\/research-library\/discussion-with-susan-hockfield\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-li\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">Linkedin<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><div class=\"col-12 col-md-11 col-lg-10\"><h2 class=\"intro-para-title\">The Capgemini Research Institute spoke to Susan Hockfield, Neuroscientist and Author, President Emerita at MIT, on the role of synthetic biology.<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-group undefined section section--article-content\"><div class=\"article-main-content\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-11 col-lg-10 offset-md-1 offset-lg-1\"><div class=\"article-text article-quote-text\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-drew-you-to-a-career-in-the-life-sciences-and-in-synthetic-biology-in-particular-nbsp\"><strong>What drew you to a career in the life sciences, and in synthetic biology in particular?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>From as early as I can remember, I always had to take things apart to understand how they worked, leaving a litter of parts behind me. I had a curiosity about how things work in the living world and learned how to take them apart to understand how living organisms work.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In my junior year in college, the opportunity to use electron microscopes to understand the different parts of cells just blew my mind. Shortly after finishing college, I started work in a medical school laboratory, where I felt a sense of belonging from the very first day. While I was doing my PhD in neuroanatomy, I had the great fortune to work at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which had a fascinating multidisciplinary group of anatomists, physiologists, pharmacologists, psychologists, and clinicians, all thrown in together with the shared ambition of understanding how the brain perceives pain and to find ways to alleviate it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-group undefined section section--article-content\"><div class=\"article-main-content\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-11 col-lg-10 offset-md-1 offset-lg-1\"><div class=\"article-text article-quote-text\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decoding-synthetic-biology-nbsp\"><strong>Decoding synthetic biology<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-field-of-synthetic-biology-is-complex-and-rapidly-evolving-how-would-you-explain-its-significance-to-a-lay-person-nbsp\"><strong>The field of synthetic biology is complex and rapidly evolving. How would you explain its significance to a lay person?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nature is brilliant at solving technical problems. Our role is to recognize nature\u2019s solution and adapt it to our needs. Synthetic biology is one such powerful biological tool now available to us. Genes can be reconfigured, not just in cells and cultures, but in living organisms. It is an opportunity not only to understand the different areas of biology, but also to manipulate those areas to improve human health.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;Future innovations will be an amalgamation of these biological tools with physics and engineering.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>My particular interest is in using the different parts of biology synthetically to build things that, while not actually living themselves, use the components of living things.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-call-to-action undefined call-to-action-block is-style-cg-secondary-3\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"call-to-action-block-content-wrapper 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value=\"CIO\/CTO\">CIO\/CTO<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Consultant\/Senior Consultant\">Consultant\/Senior Consultant<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Director\/Principle Consultant\">Director\/Principle Consultant<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EVP\">EVP<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Manager\">Manager<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Operational\">Operational<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Other CXO\">Other CXO<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Purchaser\">Purchaser<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Senior Manager\/Managing Consultant\">Senior Manager\/Managing Consultant<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SVP\">SVP<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Vice President\">Vice President<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\n\t\t<label for=\"_mf_367715_6748_2968459867\" class=\"form-label\">Position\/Level <span class=\"star-required\">*<\/span><\/label><div class=\"invalid-feedback-frm\" role=\"alert\">Position\/Level is not valid.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"mf-field-wrapper form-floating col-sm-12\">\n\t\t<select tabindex=\"0\" class=\"mac-form-selects form-control empty\"\n\t\t\tid=\"_mf_367715_9589_3438050768\"\n\t\t\tname=\"_mf_367715_9589\"\n\t\t\trequired\t\t>\n\t\t\t<option value=\"\">Select a value<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Sustainability\">Sustainability<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Innovation\">Innovation<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Talent and People\">Talent and People<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Intelligent Industry\">Intelligent Industry<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Customer first\">Customer first<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Enterprise management\">Enterprise management<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Data &amp; AI\">Data &amp; AI<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Cloud\">Cloud<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Cybersecurity\">Cybersecurity<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Lifesciences and Healthcare\">Lifesciences and Healthcare<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Financial services\">Financial services<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Public Services\">Public Services<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Automotive\">Automotive<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Energy &amp; utilities\">Energy &amp; utilities<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CPRD\">CPRD<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TMT\">TMT<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"Manufacturing\">Manufacturing<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\n\t\t<label for=\"_mf_367715_9589_3438050768\" class=\"form-label\">Interests <span class=\"star-required\">*<\/span><\/label><div class=\"invalid-feedback-frm\" role=\"alert\">Interests is not valid.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<div class=\"mf_field mf_field--country mf_field--select floating form-country-select-parent mf-required\">\n\n\t\t\t<label for=\"_mf_367715_6121_2843482021\" class=\"floating__label form-country-select-label\" data-content=\"Country\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"floating-label-content\">Country<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/label>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"select-wrap\">\n<i class=\"icon icon-zodiak-chevron-down\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t<select id=\"_mf_367715_6121_2843482021\" class=\"mf_field__input empty mf-country-selectbox form_country_select\" name=\"_mf_367715_6121\" data-validate=\"select\" required>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"\" >Country<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AF\" >Afghanistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AX\" >Aland Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AL\" >Albania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DZ\" >Algeria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AS\" >American Samoa<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AD\" >Andorra<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AO\" >Angola<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AI\" >Anguilla<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AQ\" >Antarctica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AG\" >Antigua And Barbuda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AR\" >Argentina<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AM\" >Armenia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AW\" >Aruba<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AU\" >Australia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AT\" >Austria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AZ\" >Azerbaijan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BS\" >Bahamas<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BH\" >Bahrain<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BD\" >Bangladesh<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BB\" >Barbados<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BY\" >Belarus<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BE\" >Belgium<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BZ\" >Belize<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BJ\" >Benin<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BM\" >Bermuda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BT\" >Bhutan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BO\" >Bolivia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BA\" >Bosnia And Herzegovina<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BW\" >Botswana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BV\" >Bouvet Island<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BR\" >Brazil<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IO\" >British Indian Ocean Territory<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BN\" >Brunei Darussalam<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BG\" >Bulgaria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BF\" >Burkina Faso<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BI\" >Burundi<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KH\" >Cambodia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CM\" >Cameroon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CA\" >Canada<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CV\" >Cape Verde<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KY\" >Cayman Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CF\" >Central African Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TD\" >Chad<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CL\" >Chile<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CN\" >China<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CX\" >Christmas Island<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CC\" >Cocos (Keeling) Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CO\" >Colombia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KM\" >Comoros<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CG\" >Congo<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CD\" >Congo, Democratic Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CK\" >Cook Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CR\" >Costa Rica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CI\" >Cote D&#039;Ivoire<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HR\" >Croatia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CU\" >Cuba<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CY\" >Cyprus<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CZ\" >Czech Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DK\" >Denmark<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DJ\" >Djibouti<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DM\" >Dominica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DO\" >Dominican Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EC\" >Ecuador<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EG\" >Egypt<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SV\" >El Salvador<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GQ\" >Equatorial Guinea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ER\" >Eritrea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EE\" >Estonia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ET\" >Ethiopia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FK\" >Falkland Islands (Malvinas)<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FO\" >Faroe Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FJ\" >Fiji<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FI\" >Finland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FR\" >France<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GF\" >French Guiana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PF\" >French Polynesia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TF\" >French Southern Territories<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GA\" >Gabon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GM\" >Gambia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GE\" >Georgia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DE\" >Germany<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GH\" >Ghana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GI\" >Gibraltar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GR\" >Greece<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GL\" >Greenland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GD\" >Grenada<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GP\" >Guadeloupe<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GU\" >Guam<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GT\" >Guatemala<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GG\" >Guernsey<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GN\" >Guinea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GW\" >Guinea-Bissau<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GY\" >Guyana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HT\" >Haiti<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HM\" >Heard Island &amp; Mcdonald Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VA\" >Holy See (Vatican City State)<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HN\" >Honduras<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HK\" >Hong Kong<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HU\" >Hungary<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IS\" >Iceland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IN\"  selected='selected'>India<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ID\" >Indonesia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IR\" >Iran, Islamic Republic Of<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IQ\" >Iraq<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IE\" >Ireland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IM\" >Isle Of Man<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IL\" >Israel<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IT\" >Italy<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JM\" >Jamaica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JP\" >Japan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JE\" >Jersey<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JO\" >Jordan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KZ\" >Kazakhstan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KE\" >Kenya<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KI\" >Kiribati<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KR\" >Korea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KW\" >Kuwait<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KG\" >Kyrgyzstan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LA\" >Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LV\" >Latvia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LB\" >Lebanon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LS\" >Lesotho<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LR\" >Liberia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LY\" >Libyan Arab Jamahiriya<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LI\" >Liechtenstein<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LT\" >Lithuania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LU\" >Luxembourg<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MO\" >Macao<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MK\" >Macedonia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MG\" >Madagascar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MW\" >Malawi<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MY\" >Malaysia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MV\" >Maldives<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ML\" >Mali<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MT\" >Malta<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MH\" >Marshall Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MQ\" >Martinique<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MR\" >Mauritania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MU\" >Mauritius<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"YT\" >Mayotte<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MX\" >Mexico<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FM\" >Micronesia, Federated States Of<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MD\" >Moldova<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MC\" >Monaco<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MN\" >Mongolia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ME\" >Montenegro<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MS\" >Montserrat<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MA\" >Morocco<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MZ\" >Mozambique<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MM\" >Myanmar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NA\" >Namibia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NR\" >Nauru<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NP\" >Nepal<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NL\" >Netherlands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AN\" >Netherlands Antilles<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NC\" >New Caledonia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NZ\" >New Zealand<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NI\" >Nicaragua<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NE\" >Niger<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NG\" >Nigeria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NU\" >Niue<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NF\" >Norfolk Island<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MP\" >Northern Mariana Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NO\" >Norway<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"OM\" >Oman<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PK\" >Pakistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PW\" >Palau<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PS\" >Palestinian Territory, Occupied<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PA\" >Panama<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PG\" >Papua New Guinea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PY\" >Paraguay<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PE\" >Peru<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PH\" >Philippines<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PN\" >Pitcairn<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PL\" >Poland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PT\" >Portugal<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PR\" >Puerto Rico<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"QA\" >Qatar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RE\" >Reunion<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RO\" >Romania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RU\" >Russian Federation<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RW\" >Rwanda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BL\" >Saint Barthelemy<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SH\" >Saint Helena<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KN\" >Saint Kitts And Nevis<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LC\" >Saint Lucia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MF\" >Saint Martin<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PM\" >Saint Pierre And Miquelon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VC\" >Saint Vincent And Grenadines<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"WS\" >Samoa<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SM\" >San Marino<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ST\" >Sao Tome And Principe<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SA\" >Saudi Arabia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SN\" >Senegal<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RS\" >Serbia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SC\" >Seychelles<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SL\" >Sierra Leone<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SG\" >Singapore<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SK\" >Slovakia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SI\" >Slovenia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SB\" >Solomon Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SO\" >Somalia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ZA\" >South Africa<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GS\" >South Georgia And Sandwich Isl.<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ES\" >Spain<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LK\" >Sri Lanka<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SD\" >Sudan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SR\" >Suriname<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SJ\" >Svalbard And Jan Mayen<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SZ\" >Swaziland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SE\" >Sweden<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CH\" >Switzerland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SY\" >Syrian Arab Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TW\" >Taiwan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TJ\" >Tajikistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TZ\" >Tanzania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TH\" >Thailand<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TL\" >Timor-Leste<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TG\" >Togo<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TK\" >Tokelau<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TO\" >Tonga<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TT\" >Trinidad And Tobago<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TN\" >Tunisia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TR\" >Turkey<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TM\" >Turkmenistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TC\" >Turks And Caicos Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TV\" >Tuvalu<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UG\" >Uganda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UA\" >Ukraine<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AE\" >United Arab Emirates<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GB\" >United Kingdom<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"US\" >United States<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UM\" >United States Outlying Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UY\" >Uruguay<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UZ\" >Uzbekistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VU\" >Vanuatu<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VE\" >Venezuela<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VN\" >Viet Nam<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VG\" >Virgin Islands, British<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VI\" >Virgin Islands, U.S.<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"WF\" >Wallis And Futuna<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EH\" >Western Sahara<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"YE\" >Yemen<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ZM\" >Zambia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ZW\" 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Please try again.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<script>\n\t\t\twindow.MF_CONFIG367715 = {\"367715\":{\"errors\":{\"_mf_367715_7278\":\"This field's value is invalid!\",\"_mf_367715_3310\":\"This field's value is invalid!\",\"_mf_367715_6351\":\"This field's value is invalid!\",\"_mf_367715_7171\":\"This field's value is invalid!\",\"_mf_367715_8638\":\"This field's value is invalid!\",\"_mf_367715_1993\":\"This field's value is invalid!\"},\"redirect\":\"\"}};\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-group undefined section section--article-content\"><div class=\"article-main-content\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-11 col-lg-10 offset-md-1 offset-lg-1\"><div class=\"article-text article-quote-text\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-value-creation-through-synthetic-biology-nbsp\"><strong>Value creation through synthetic biology<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-in-the-age-of-living-machines-you-talk-about-the-convergence-of-biology-and-engineering-how-do-you-see-new-value-being-created-by-the-large-scale-adoption-of-synthetic-biology-across-industries-nbsp-nbsp\"><strong>In <em>The Age of Living Machines<\/em>, you talk about the convergence of biology and engineering. How do you see new value being created by the large-scale adoption of synthetic biology across industries?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a desperate and urgent need to scale the technologies we have available to us today in order to avoid being overtaken by the needs of an increasing global population. Advancements in physics, engineering, and life sciences have resulted in several interesting innovations in synthetic biology. For instance, a startup called Aquaporin<sup><strong>1<\/strong><\/sup> uses water-channel proteins<sup><strong>2<\/strong><\/sup> found in living cells to build water filters for use in residential settings and, hopefully, soon in industry. Nanotechnology has assisted the development of slow-release drugs,<sup><strong>3<\/strong><\/sup> allowing controlled doses to be administered for diabetes, cancer therapies, etc. In another application, synthetic nanoparticles<sup><strong>4<\/strong><\/sup> can help for early detection of tumors or specific diseases by emitting signals in the urine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-role-of-synthetic-biology-in-achieving-sustainability-goals-nbsp\"><strong>The role of synthetic biology in achieving sustainability goals<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-role-do-you-think-synthetic-biology-can-play-in-helping-organizations-become-more-sustainable-nbsp\"><strong>What role do you think synthetic biology can play in helping organizations become more sustainable?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>My own view is that biological systems and parts are, by their very nature, sustainable. Synthetic biology constructs without contaminating the environment.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, usage of water-channel proteins for water purification is a step towards identifying sustainable solutions. Similarly, scientists have used genetically engineered viruses to build sustainable batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> I believe using biology from the outset is likely to lessen the environmental impact more than when using chemistry alone.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-synthetic-biology-the-ethical-conundrum-nbsp\"><strong>Synthetic biology: The ethical conundrum<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-can-governments-academics-and-organizations-work-together-to-assuage-ethical-concerns-around-synthetic-biology-nbsp\"><strong>How can governments, academics, and organizations work together to assuage ethical concerns around synthetic biology?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>When gene engineering first emerged in the mid-1970s, scientists recognized the associated potential dangers. This led to the establishment of the Asilomar Conference,<sup><strong>5<\/strong><\/sup> in which participants signed a pact to remain within clearly defined scientific boundaries. This constituted a remarkable collaborative commitment to protecting the world.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cutting-edge biological research was previously limited to a small group of people within a small set of countries. Now, however, it is widespread. This does mean it may be difficult to achieve another Asilomar-like conference success, especially as we cannot even reach a consensus on existential issues such as nuclear arms. We need to set strongly enforced perimeters but, unfortunately, we do not have strong international agreement.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are the dangers of synthetic biology greater than the dangers of climate pollution, nuclear war, and other existential crises? They are different, and, like current technologies, should be regulated to protect humanity and our ecosystem.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-your-thoughts-on-the-challenges-around-the-application-of-gene-engineering-in-life-sciences-nbsp\"><strong>What are your thoughts on the challenges around the application of gene engineering in life sciences?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>We can\u2019t discuss gene engineering without raising the pluses and the minuses, which actually shift as you think about \u2013 and develop them. We have identified the genes for some diseases, and we agree it is okay to eliminate those genes if that can be done safely. But what constraints should be placed on modifying embryos in terms of IQ, height, etc., once the associated genes are identified?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, genetic engineering of plants has gotten a bad name. Why would we not want a virus-resistant cassava to help solve hunger problems in third-world nations, for example? Or why would we not want to harvest more than 150 bushels of corn per acre, which would be a major life saver for many?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In gene engineering, it is important to think about what kind of organisms we are creating, the possibility of propagating them, and how to control their use.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-women-in-science-nbsp\"><br><strong>Women in science<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-as-the-first-woman-and-the-first-life-scientist-to-become-president-of-mit-what-do-you-see-as-the-key-to-attracting-more-girls-and-young-women-to-science-nbsp\"><strong>As the first woman and the first life scientist to become president of MIT, what do you see as the key to attracting more girls and young women to science?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In a perfect scientific world, gender would not be relevant \u2013 but we\u2019re not there yet. Besides the more evident limitations, there are also many more subtle barriers. For example, men often tend to group together, unconsciously leaving women out. This kind of self-segregation happens all the time and is a significant part of the problem. Such informal networks often convey information that travels around among men, with women left off the mailing list.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;We must encourage women all along the way but also provide opportunities for them to have fabulous experiences.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We need to give them the confidence to do unusual things, and to instill support for other pioneering women. Women must amplify each other\u2019s voice.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A recent MIT study showed that it is very rare for a woman to be part of the founding group of any company. We have started a program<sup><strong>6<\/strong><\/sup> to encourage women entrepreneurs to walk the path of company creation. It brings women into the entrepreneurial sphere, providing them with the encouragement and funding that allows them to get started. But, if you look at the numbers for venture-capital investments in companies, less than 4% of VC dollars go into women-founded companies, which means that it is just harder to get funding if you are a woman.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-aquaporin-is-a-danish-biotech-water-purification-firm-founded-by-peter-holme-jensen-headquartered-in-copenhagen-nbsp\">1 Aquaporin is a Danish biotech water-purification firm founded by Peter Holme Jensen, headquartered in Copenhagen.&nbsp;<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-us-physician-peter-agre-won-the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-in-2003-for-the-discovery-of-aquaporin-proteins-which-allow-water-to-flow-in-and-out-of-living-cells-nbsp\">2 US physician Peter Agre won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2003 for the discovery of \u2018aquaporin\u2019 proteins, which allow water to flow in and out of living cells.&nbsp;<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-us-chemical-engineer-robert-langer-is-credited-with-the-development-of-the-technology-that-forms-the-basis-for-slow-release-drugs-nbsp\">3 US chemical engineer Robert Langer is credited with the development of the technology that forms the basis for slow-release drugs.&nbsp;<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-mit-professor-inventor-and-entrepreneur-sangeeta-bhatia-is-credited-with-designing-the-first-synthetic-nanoparticles-nbsp\">4 MIT professor, inventor, and entrepreneur Sangeeta Bhatia is credited with designing the first synthetic nanoparticles.&nbsp;<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-in-february-1975-the-international-congress-on-recombinant-dna-molecules-popularly-known-as-the-asilomar-conference-was-held-in-california-led-by-paul-berg-david-baltimore-sydney-brenner-richard-roblin-and-maxine-singer-the-conference-attracted-almost-140-attendees-including-scientists-lawyers-journalists-and-government-officials-it-is-often-considered-to-have-been-the-first-step-toward-s-the-formulation-of-public-policies-that-address-biohazards-nbsp-https-www-nature-com-articles-455290a-nbsp\">5 In February 1975, the International Congress on Recombinant DNA Molecules, popularly known as the Asilomar Conference, was held in California. Led by Paul Berg, David Baltimore, Sydney Brenner, Richard Roblin, and Maxine Singer, the conference attracted almost 140 attendees, including scientists, lawyers, journalists and government officials. It is often considered to have been the first step toward<s>s<\/s> the formulation of public policies that address biohazards.&nbsp;https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/455290a&nbsp;<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-future-founders-initiative-a-joint-collaboration-of-mit-faculties-led-by-dr-sangeeta-bhatia-dr-susan-hockfield-and-dr-nancy-hopkins-to-encourage-female-entrepreneurship-especially-in-biotech-nbsp\">6 Future Founders Initiative, a joint collaboration of MIT faculties, led by Dr. Sangeeta Bhatia, Dr. Susan Hockfield and Dr. Nancy Hopkins, to encourage female entrepreneurship, especially in biotech.&nbsp;<\/h6>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-profile-card undefined profile-card section profile-card-slider\"><div class=\"container profileCardContainer\"><div class=\"profile-box\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-3\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"box-author-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SusanHockfield.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SusanHockfield.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SusanHockfield.jpg?w=1000&amp;quality=70 2x\" class=\"box-img\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-9 right-side-box\"><div class=\"row right-box\"><div class=\"col-lg-4 profile\"><h3 class=\"profile-title\">Susan Hockfield<\/h3><p class=\"box-position\">Neuroscientist and Author, President Emerita at MIT<\/p><ul class=\"social-nav social-nav-icons\"><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-learn-more learnMoreBlock updated-new-sample-amal\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"content-title\"><h2 class=\"learnmore-heading\">Learn More<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"row\"> <div class=\"col-md-4\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"box-wrapper\"><a class=\"box-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/insights\/research-library\/the-new-digital-economy-research\/\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Learn more 1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"box-img-wrapper\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Eco-digital-temp-2880X1800.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Eco-digital-temp-2880X1800.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Eco-digital-temp-2880X1800.jpg?w=1000&amp;quality=70 2x\" class=\"box-img\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div><h3 class=\"titleWithoutLink_learnMore\">The new digital economy research<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"box-inner\"><p class=\"box-desc\">The Eco-Digital Era&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;\/sup&gt;: The dual transition to a sustainable and digital economy<\/p><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"col-md-4\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"box-wrapper\"><a class=\"box-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/in-en\/insights\/research-library\/sustainability-trends-2023\/\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Learn more 1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"box-img-wrapper\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sustainability-trends.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sustainability-trends.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sustainability-trends.jpg?w=1000&amp;quality=70 2x\" class=\"box-img\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div><h3 class=\"titleWithoutLink_learnMore\">Sustainability trends 2023<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"box-inner\"><p class=\"box-desc\">A world in balance 2023: Heightened sustainability awareness yet lagging actions<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":440,"featured_media":1100699,"template":"","meta":{"cg_dt_proposed_to":[],"cg_seo_hreflang_relations":"[]","cg_seo_canonical_relation":"","cg_seo_hreflang_x_default_relation":"{\"uuid\":\"4cb40d52-d659-4c04-8324-bd4395c5218c\",\"blogId\":\"\",\"domain\":\"\",\"sitePath\":\"\",\"postLink\":\"\",\"postId\":null,\"isSaved\":true,\"isCrossLink\":false,\"hasCrossLink\":false}","cg_dt_approved_content":true,"cg_dt_mandatory_content":false,"cg_dt_notes":"","cg_dg_source_changed":true,"cg_dt_link_disabled":false,"footnotes":"","related_resource_url":"","related_resource_id":0,"related_resource_size":"","related_resource_type":"","cg_author":0,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_theme":0,"primary_term":"Sustainability","featured_focal_points":""},"tags":[],"research-and-insight-type":[],"theme":[],"brand":[],"service":[],"industry":[],"partners":[],"content-group":[],"class_list":["post-1100698","research-and-insight","type-research-and-insight","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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