{"id":712989,"date":"2026-05-07T08:44:57","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T08:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/?post_type=research-and-insight&#038;p=712989"},"modified":"2026-05-07T08:45:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T08:45:00","slug":"a-conversation-with-kai-fu-lee","status":"publish","type":"research-and-insight","link":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/insights\/research-library\/a-conversation-with-kai-fu-lee\/","title":{"rendered":"Open vs. closed AI models: A conversation with Kai-Fu Lee"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<header class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-hero-reusable header heroReusable  \"><div class=\"header-bgs\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 1500px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=1440&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=768&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg?w=768&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 0)\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/DotCom_Banner_2880X1800-2.jpg\" class=\"header-img header-img-d\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"eager\"\/><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"heroPictureCardHeaderShape\"><\/div><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"boxTagWrapper\"><div class=\"tagInfo\"><div><span class=\"box-tag\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"brandInfo\"><div class=\"brandLogo\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/capgemini2025\/assets\/images\/capgemini-research-institute-white.svg\" alt=\"capgemini-research-institute\" class=\"dark\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/themes\/capgemini2025\/assets\/images\/capgemini-research-institute.svg\" alt=\"capgemini-research-institute\" class=\"light\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"box-title\"><h1 data-maxlength=\"34\">A conversation with Kai-Fu Lee<\/h1><\/div><div class=\"inner-row-insight download-btn\"><div class=\"col-md-4 downloadFiles addPadding\"><a class=\"button-download--small\" type=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CFT11_Kai-Fu-Lee_Sinovation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><span>Download the article<\/span><span class=\"type\">1 MB pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-group undefined section section--article-content\"><div class=\"article-main-content\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"grid-container\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-2\"><nav class=\"article-social\"><ul class=\"social-nav\"><li class=\"ip-order-fb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/?post_type=research-and-insightu0026p=1142578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-fb\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ip-order-li\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?url=https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/?post_type=research-and-insightu0026p=1142578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"opens in a new window\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon-li\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">Linkedin<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><div><div class=\"article-text article-quote-text\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-open-vs-closed-ai-models\">Open vs. closed AI models<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1871\" height=\"1601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-712990\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg 1871w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg?resize=300,257 300w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg?resize=768,657 768w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg?resize=1024,876 1024w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg?resize=1536,1314 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1871px) 100vw, 1871px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kai-fu-lee-founder-amp-ceo-01-ai-chairman-sinovation-ventures\">Kai-Fu Lee, Founder &amp; CEO | 01.AI | Chairman | Sinovation Ventures<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Kai-Fu Lee is the founder and CEO of 01.AI, a Beijing-based artificial intelligence company focused on large language model development and enterprise AI transformation, venture-built by his tech venture capital firm Sinovation Ventures. He previously led Google&#8217;s operations in China and held senior roles at Microsoft. Dr. Lee is the author of the New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller AI Superpowers, which examines the role of the US and China in the future of artificial intelligence, as well as its impact on society. Dr. Lee trained as a computer scientist in the United States and has spent his career at the intersection of American and Chinese technology development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9bf541eedabc2717a6d93184e5d97b1d\" id=\"h-understanding-ai-sovereignty\">Understanding AI sovereignty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-you-have-navigated-the-intersection-of-technology-culture-and-geopolitics-across-the-us-and-china-for-decades-how-do-you-define-ai-sovereignty-today-and-why-does-it-matter\">You have navigated the intersection of technology, culture, and geopolitics across the US and China for decades. How do you define AI sovereignty today, and why does it matter?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sovereignty means a number of things. First, it means having control over the technologies themselves. Second, it means ensuring that data, which is a critical asset to every company, does not leak. That concern is widespread across most countries, but perhaps less so in the US, given its more advanced acceptance of private cloud. But throughout the world, companies are deeply concerned about confidential data becoming an input that enriches a general model owned by another country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">There is also the question of suitability. A model trained in one country tends to embed the values of that country, and those values may not be applicable elsewhere. Having control over the model allows a company to fine-tune it, to make it fit the organisation. Hosting the model in someone else&#8217;s cloud limits that ability significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-style-cg-core-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>Throughout the world, companies are deeply concerned about confidential data becoming an input that enriches a general model owned by another country.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-cg-core-quote\"><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-beijing-brussels-and-washington-each-talk-about-ai-sovereignty-are-they-talking-about-the-same-thing\">When Beijing, Brussels, and Washington each talk about AI sovereignty, are they talking about the same thing?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Not entirely. There are layers. The first is suitability: every country wants a model that reflects its language, culture, and legal norms. In some Islamic countries, questions around same-sex marriage, alcohol, or religious guidance are handled very differently than they would be in the US. Ensuring compliance with local law, religion, and culture is a legitimate and universal concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second layer is competitive ambition. Some countries feel they need to build their own model in order to have a chance at a meaningful position in this technology race. China clearly has that ambition. Japan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, and India have all declared theirs. That is admirable. But it is sometimes overly ambitious. Training a frontier general-purpose model from scratch is not feasible for every country. The US has enormous resources. China has substantial resources. Most others do not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The practical alternative, and I think the right one for almost all countries outside the US and China, is to take a leading open-source model and continue training it for the country&#8217;s specific language, values, and regulations.&nbsp;Continuing training is different from fine-tuning. It treats an open-source model as a half-baked product. Think of it as buying a frozen pizza and then adding your own ingredients and baking it further per your preference. The result is something adapted to your context, whether an Indian pizza or a Japanese pizza. And, critically, the cost is only a few percent of training from scratch: a few million dollars rather than a few hundred million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-cg-core-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-size:22px\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center is-style-cg-core-quote\"><strong>The practical alternative, and I think the right one for almost all countries outside the US and China, is to take a leading open-source model and continue training it for the country&#8217;s specific language, values, and regulations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b85cafc040912d0585d2f3e80f033847\" id=\"h-open-source-models-and-the-business-of-ai-dominance\">Open-source models and the business of AI dominance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3000\" height=\"4000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-712991\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee2.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee2.jpg?resize=225,300 225w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee2.jpg?resize=768,1024 768w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee2.jpg?resize=1152,1536 1152w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee2.jpg?resize=1536,2048 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-has-been-the-actual-effect-of-us-export-controls-on-china-s-ai-development\">What has been the actual effect of US export controls on China&#8217;s AI development?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a double-edged sword, and the jury is still out. The GPU export restrictions are only one side of the equation. The other side is that Chinese companies are extremely practical. If you survey them, the great majority are not trying to beat Anthropic or OpenAI. The Chinese companies know they cannot spend fifty billion dollars on supersized model training. So, with the GPUs available to them, some domestically produced and not as scalable, they ask: what can we do excellently within these constraints?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The answer has been rigorous engineering efficiency. DeepSeek is the most well-known example. When people are constrained but motivated, they innovate around the constraint. They optimise architectures, move away from CUDA<a id=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> dependencies, and target performance that is very good rather than definitively the best. Chinese companies are spending less than ten percent of what the top American companies spend on training, yet are producing models that are ninety to ninety-five percent as capable, running six to nine months behind their American counterparts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is also a structural reason Chinese companies have embraced open source. They cannot win on a closed-source basis, so they share. It functions like a study group; not an explicit collaboration where people sit down together, but a dynamic where everyone builds on each other&#8217;s public releases and the collective competency rises. The American companies behave more like individual researchers, each convinced they will win the Nobel Prise so keeping their know-how secretive. The Chinese companies behave like a group that knows it will not win the Nobel Prise individually, but can get closer collectively by pooling their work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The deeper strategic question is whether the first company to reach AGI [artificial general intelligence] will dominate everything, or whether four American companies and two Chinese companies will all get there within months of one another, each serving a distinct ecosystem. If you look at the historical trajectory, open-source models have trailed closed-source models by six to nine months. Chinese models have trailed American models by about the same margin. If that pattern holds, then the race may not end with one winner squashing everyone else. But that remains to be seen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-cg-core-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center is-style-cg-core-quote\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>Chinese companies are spending less than ten percent of what the top American companies spend on training, yet are producing models that are ninety to ninety-five percent as capable, running six to nine months behind their American counterparts.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-will-ultimately-determine-the-dominant-model-does-being-late-to-ai-or-ai-sovereignty-necessarily-put-countries-or-companies-at-a-disadvantage\">What will ultimately determine the dominant model? <strong>Does being late to AI or AI sovereignty necessarily put countries or companies at a disadvantage?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cAGI-squashes-everyone\u201d idea is unlikely, though not impossible. If American companies end up becoming dominant, my bet is that it will be because of the business ecosystems they build \u2013 not because they crossed a technological threshold that rendered everyone else irrelevant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first analogy is Windows. Windows did not win because no other company could have built a similar operating system. It won because applications were built on it, enterprises relied on it, and the revenue this generated funded further development, solidifying the position. That virtuous cycle is real and powerful. You see it already with something like Project Glasswing from Anthropic, which only offers exclusive access to top American tech firms to the powerful Mythos model release.&nbsp; Claude Code is also transforming how software is written. Companies will pay significantly for that. The revenue funds more compute, which funds better models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Being late to AI or to AI sovereignty does not automatically put countries or companies at a disadvantage. In fact, open\u2011source models create a meaningful late\u2011mover advantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second analogy is iPhone versus Android. The tension emerges when AI reaches the mass market globally. American models are priced for wealthy markets. When you run advanced tools on closed infrastructure, the costs are significant. Chinese models, by contrast, can cost a sixth to a tenth as much. So, when the technology reaches populations in China, India, and other emerging markets, the American closed\u2011source model may simply be priced out of much of that demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-cg-core-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-size:22px\">\n<p style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>Open source may win on reach and adoption, while closed source wins on margin and ecosystem control.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>The outcome may look very similar to iPhone versus Android. Apple captures extraordinary profit, perhaps more than all Android manufacturers combined, but Android has a far larger global footprint in user base. Open source may win on reach and adoption, while closed source wins on margin and ecosystem control. In that world, being late does not mean being irrelevant. It means choosing the right path based on your resources, objectives, and markets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-should-companies-and-countries-be-worried-that-a-small-number-of-platforms-will-dominate-everything\">Should companies and countries be worried that a small number of platforms will dominate everything?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>I do not think we will end up with just one choice, and that is largely because open source is now unstoppable. History suggests we will see one or two dominant closed-source platforms alongside a large-footprint open-source ecosystem. Linux versus Windows. iPhone versus Android. I predict that AI will follow a similar pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is important to recognise is that this dynamic may play out differently across layers. The model layer is one competition. The agent layer is another. Open ecosystems like OpenClaw are becoming a platform of choice at the agent level, and they fundamentally change the economics of access and adoption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OpenClaw, combined with open\u2011source models, allows companies and developers to build powerful AI\u2011driven workflows without being locked into a single proprietary stack. That is especially important for countries, companies, and developers that cannot afford closed platforms at scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I think the likely outcome is not full concentration, but coexistence: one or more closed ecosystems with strong business models, and a large open ecosystem with much wider global reach. The open approach may be less profitable. However, it will be more accessible, making it very difficult to stop. Concentration becomes dangerous only if there is a single choice. Open ecosystems like OpenClaw ensure such a monopoly does not happen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-cg-core-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-size:22px\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>Open ecosystems like OpenClaw are becoming a platform of choice at the agent level<\/strong><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3e5833d0c33ce642e14f6649b6d24c1c\" id=\"h-physical-ai-and-china-s-emerging-edge\">Physical AI and China&#8217;s emerging edge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-you-have-argued-that-china-has-structural-advantages-in-physical-ai-devices-and-manufacturing-how-durable-are-those-advantages\">You have argued that China has structural advantages in physical AI, devices, and manufacturing. How durable are those advantages?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"682\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee3.jpg?w=960\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-712992\" style=\"width:450px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee3.jpg 3200w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee3.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee3.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee3.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee3.jpg?resize=1536,1023 1536w, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee3.jpg?resize=2048,1364 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hardware is a completely different game from software. When the iPhone launched, American companies held nearly every advantage: design, software engineering, market reach. China&#8217;s role was centred on manufacturing. Foxconn made money, but only a fraction of what Apple made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That is no longer the situation. China now has the supply chain and ecosystem to build virtually any hardware product. China also builds at substantially lower cost than the US \u2013 from phones and PCs to robots, manufacturing devices, and new form factors such as glasses, watches, and wearable recorders. Huawei, Xiaomi, and ByteDance are all building devices. The barrier that once protected American hardware dominance no longer exists in the same form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a related data point worth making. We are entering an era where AI will increasingly be speech-driven. The power of LLMs is that we can interact through language, and speech recognition is approaching perfection. Devices that record ambient interactions, workplace conversations, and meetings generate a fundamentally new category of data. I use a ByteDance recorder daily. Every meeting in my company is captured, transcribed, and analyzable by a large language model. I cannot attend every meeting, but I can virtually attend every meeting through that AI analysis. That is a profound operational insight tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The broader point is that China has a cultural advantage in data generation at scale. In AI 1.0, China had a data advantage from its vast population and usage. In AI 2.0, driven by large language models, the advantage shifted because the training data was drawn largely from the public internet, where English-language data was of particularly high quality. But now, with new data being generated through audio, video, and physical world interactions, China&#8217;s advantage returns \u2013 partly from scale, and partly because there is less cultural resistance to recording and data capture than you would find in Europe or the US.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Add to that a government mandate focused explicitly on using AI to transform manufacturing. China&#8217;s economy remains fundamentally manufacturing-led, rather than knowledge-based. The State Council of China&#8217;s public priority is deploying AI in factories and industrial settings. That mandate creates demand, focus, and funding alignment that does not exist to the same degree elsewhere. And Chinese VCs are more willing to fund hardware ventures precisely because they believe China has the edge there, the cost of building hardware is lower, the required capital is therefore smaller, and speed is much faster.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-cg-core-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-size:22px\">\n<p><strong>Chinese VCs are more willing to fund hardware ventures precisely because they believe China has the edge there.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5aa8a5a66040079217ffa87c345cdaa0\" id=\"h-three-options-not-two\">Three options \u2013 not two<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-most-consequential-mistakes-you-see-countries-make-in-how-they-think-about-ai-sovereignty\">What are the most consequential mistakes you see countries make in how they think about AI sovereignty?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>For countries, the clearest error is believing that the only two choices are to accept an American model or to build one from scratch. Those are not the right two options. The real choices are: first, to adopt a leading closed-source American platform, with full awareness of the sovereignty trade-offs involved; second, to take an open-source model and continue training it for your language, values, and regulatory requirements \u2013 at a fraction of the cost and with a realistic chance of success. Building from scratch to compete with the US and China is a third path, but it requires going in with eyes fully open to the fact that, for most countries, it is unlikely to succeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_ftn1\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a proprietary parallel computing platform and application programme interface that lets companies use graphics processors to massively speed up data-heavy computing tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-profile-card\"><section class=\"profile-card section profile-card-slider\"><div class=\"container profileCardContainer\"><div class=\"profile-box\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-3\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"box-author-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kai-Fu-Lee1.jpg?w=1000&amp;quality=70 2x\" class=\"box-img\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-9 right-side-box\"><div class=\"row right-box\"><div class=\"col-lg-4 profile\"><h3 class=\"profile-title\">Kai-Fu Lee<\/h3><p class=\"box-position\">Founder &amp; CEO | 01.AI | Chairman | Sinovation Ventures<\/p><ul class=\"social-nav social-nav-icons\"><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"col-lg-8 desc\"><p class=\"authorDesr\">\u201cIf you look at the historical trajectory, open-source models have trailed closed-source models by six to nine months\u201d<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section 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President\">Vice President<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\n\t\t<label for=\"_mf_592840_7046_4091234669\" class=\"form-label\">Position\/Level (optional)<\/label><\/div><div class=\"mf-field-wrapper form-floating col-sm-12\"><input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"_mf_494233_2654_369167832\" name=\"_mf_494233_2654\" placeholder=\"Company\" required \/><label for=\"_mf_494233_2654_369167832\" class=\"form-label\">Company <span class=\"star-required\">*<\/span><\/label><div class=\"invalid-feedback-frm\" role=\"alert\">Company is not valid.<\/div><\/div>\t\t<div class=\"mf_field mf_field--country mf_field--select floating form-country-select-parent mf-required\">\n\n\t\t\t<label for=\"_mf_591791_5620_1337496870\" class=\"floating__label form-country-select-label\" data-content=\"Country\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"floating-label-content\">Country<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/label>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"select-wrap\">\n<i class=\"icon icon-zodiak-chevron-down\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t<select id=\"_mf_591791_5620_1337496870\" class=\"mf_field__input empty mf-country-selectbox form_country_select\" name=\"_mf_591791_5620\" data-validate=\"select\" required>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"\"  selected='selected'>Country<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AF\" >Afghanistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AX\" >Aland Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AL\" >Albania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DZ\" >Algeria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AS\" >American Samoa<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AD\" >Andorra<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AO\" >Angola<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AI\" >Anguilla<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AQ\" >Antarctica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AG\" >Antigua And Barbuda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AR\" >Argentina<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AM\" >Armenia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AW\" >Aruba<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AU\" >Australia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AT\" >Austria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AZ\" >Azerbaijan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BS\" >Bahamas<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BH\" >Bahrain<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BD\" >Bangladesh<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BB\" >Barbados<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BY\" >Belarus<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BE\" >Belgium<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BZ\" >Belize<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BJ\" >Benin<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BM\" >Bermuda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BT\" >Bhutan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BO\" >Bolivia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BA\" >Bosnia And Herzegovina<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BW\" >Botswana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BV\" >Bouvet Island<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BR\" >Brazil<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IO\" >British Indian Ocean Territory<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BN\" >Brunei Darussalam<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BG\" >Bulgaria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BF\" >Burkina Faso<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BI\" >Burundi<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KH\" >Cambodia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CM\" >Cameroon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CA\" >Canada<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CV\" >Cape Verde<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KY\" >Cayman Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CF\" >Central African Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TD\" >Chad<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CL\" >Chile<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CN\" >China<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CX\" >Christmas Island<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CC\" >Cocos (Keeling) Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CO\" >Colombia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KM\" >Comoros<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CG\" >Congo<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CD\" >Congo, Democratic Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CK\" >Cook Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CR\" >Costa Rica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CI\" >Cote D&#039;Ivoire<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HR\" >Croatia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CU\" >Cuba<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CY\" >Cyprus<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CZ\" >Czech Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DK\" >Denmark<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DJ\" >Djibouti<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DM\" >Dominica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DO\" >Dominican Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EC\" >Ecuador<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EG\" >Egypt<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SV\" >El Salvador<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GQ\" >Equatorial Guinea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ER\" >Eritrea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EE\" >Estonia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ET\" >Ethiopia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FK\" >Falkland Islands (Malvinas)<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FO\" >Faroe Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FJ\" >Fiji<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FI\" >Finland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FR\" >France<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GF\" >French Guiana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PF\" >French Polynesia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TF\" >French Southern Territories<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GA\" >Gabon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GM\" >Gambia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GE\" >Georgia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"DE\" >Germany<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GH\" >Ghana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GI\" >Gibraltar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GR\" >Greece<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GL\" >Greenland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GD\" >Grenada<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GP\" >Guadeloupe<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GU\" >Guam<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GT\" >Guatemala<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GG\" >Guernsey<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GN\" >Guinea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GW\" >Guinea-Bissau<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GY\" >Guyana<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HT\" >Haiti<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HM\" >Heard Island &amp; Mcdonald Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VA\" >Holy See (Vatican City State)<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HN\" >Honduras<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HK\" >Hong Kong<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"HU\" >Hungary<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IS\" >Iceland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IN\" >India<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ID\" >Indonesia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IR\" >Iran, Islamic Republic Of<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IQ\" >Iraq<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IE\" >Ireland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IM\" >Isle Of Man<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IL\" >Israel<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"IT\" >Italy<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JM\" >Jamaica<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JP\" >Japan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JE\" >Jersey<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"JO\" >Jordan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KZ\" >Kazakhstan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KE\" >Kenya<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KI\" >Kiribati<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KR\" >Korea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KW\" >Kuwait<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KG\" >Kyrgyzstan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LA\" >Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LV\" >Latvia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LB\" >Lebanon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LS\" >Lesotho<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LR\" >Liberia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LY\" >Libyan Arab Jamahiriya<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LI\" >Liechtenstein<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LT\" >Lithuania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LU\" >Luxembourg<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MO\" >Macao<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MK\" >Macedonia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MG\" >Madagascar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MW\" >Malawi<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MY\" >Malaysia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MV\" >Maldives<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ML\" >Mali<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MT\" >Malta<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MH\" >Marshall Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MQ\" >Martinique<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MR\" >Mauritania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MU\" >Mauritius<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"YT\" >Mayotte<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MX\" >Mexico<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"FM\" >Micronesia, Federated States Of<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MD\" >Moldova<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MC\" >Monaco<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MN\" >Mongolia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ME\" >Montenegro<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MS\" >Montserrat<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MA\" >Morocco<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MZ\" >Mozambique<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MM\" >Myanmar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NA\" >Namibia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NR\" >Nauru<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NP\" >Nepal<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NL\" >Netherlands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AN\" >Netherlands Antilles<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NC\" >New Caledonia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NZ\" >New Zealand<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NI\" >Nicaragua<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NE\" >Niger<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NG\" >Nigeria<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NU\" >Niue<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NF\" >Norfolk Island<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MP\" >Northern Mariana Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"NO\" >Norway<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"OM\" >Oman<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PK\" >Pakistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PW\" >Palau<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PS\" >Palestinian Territory, Occupied<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PA\" >Panama<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PG\" >Papua New Guinea<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PY\" >Paraguay<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PE\" >Peru<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PH\" >Philippines<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PN\" >Pitcairn<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PL\" >Poland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PT\" >Portugal<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PR\" >Puerto Rico<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"QA\" >Qatar<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RE\" >Reunion<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RO\" >Romania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RU\" >Russian Federation<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RW\" >Rwanda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"BL\" >Saint Barthelemy<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SH\" >Saint Helena<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"KN\" >Saint Kitts And Nevis<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LC\" >Saint Lucia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"MF\" >Saint Martin<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"PM\" >Saint Pierre And Miquelon<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VC\" >Saint Vincent And Grenadines<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"WS\" >Samoa<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SM\" >San Marino<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ST\" >Sao Tome And Principe<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SA\" >Saudi Arabia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SN\" >Senegal<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"RS\" >Serbia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SC\" >Seychelles<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SL\" >Sierra Leone<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SG\" >Singapore<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SK\" >Slovakia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SI\" >Slovenia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SB\" >Solomon Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SO\" >Somalia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ZA\" >South Africa<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GS\" >South Georgia And Sandwich Isl.<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ES\" >Spain<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"LK\" >Sri Lanka<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SD\" >Sudan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SR\" >Suriname<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SJ\" >Svalbard And Jan Mayen<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SZ\" >Swaziland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SE\" >Sweden<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"CH\" >Switzerland<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"SY\" >Syrian Arab Republic<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TW\" >Taiwan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TJ\" >Tajikistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TZ\" >Tanzania<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TH\" >Thailand<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TL\" >Timor-Leste<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TG\" >Togo<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TK\" >Tokelau<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TO\" >Tonga<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TT\" >Trinidad And Tobago<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TN\" >Tunisia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TR\" >Turkey<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TM\" >Turkmenistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TC\" >Turks And Caicos Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"TV\" >Tuvalu<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UG\" >Uganda<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UA\" >Ukraine<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"AE\" >United Arab Emirates<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"GB\" >United Kingdom<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"US\" >United States<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UM\" >United States Outlying Islands<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UY\" >Uruguay<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"UZ\" >Uzbekistan<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VU\" >Vanuatu<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VE\" >Venezuela<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VN\" >Viet Nam<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VG\" >Virgin Islands, British<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"VI\" >Virgin Islands, U.S.<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"WF\" >Wallis And Futuna<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"EH\" >Western Sahara<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"YE\" >Yemen<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ZM\" >Zambia<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"ZW\" >Zimbabwe<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"invalid-feedback-frm\" role=\"alert\">Country is not valid.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\n                $('.mf_form__form').each(function() {\n                    var $form = $(this); \/\/ This specific form instance\n\n                    \/\/ Find the country select in this form\n                    $form.find('.form_country_select').each(function() {\n                        var $select = $(this);\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar clickCount = 0;\n                        \/\/ On change\n                        $select.on('click', function() {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclickCount++;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif (clickCount === 1) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(this).parent().find('.icon-zodiak-chevron-down').addClass('active');\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclickCount = 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(this).parent().find('.icon-zodiak-chevron-down').removeClass('active');\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$select.on('blur', function() {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclickCount = 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(this).parent().find('.icon-zodiak-chevron-down').removeClass('active');\n\t\t\t\t\t\t});\n                    });\n                });\n            });\n        <\/script>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"mf-field-wrapper  col-sm-12\">\n\t\t<div class=\"form-check checkbox-controls\">\n\n\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"_mf_486116_6677_1142046264\" class=\"form-check-input\"\n\t\t\t\tname=\"_mf_486116_6677[]\"\n\t\t\t\tvalue=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\trequired\n\t\t\t>\n\n\t\t\t<label for=\"_mf_486116_6677_1142046264\" class=\"form-check-label consent-text\">\n\t\t\t\tI agree to Capgemini collecting &amp; processing my personal data to allow me to receive information on Capgemini services. For further information, please see our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/privacy-notice\/\">Privacy Notice<\/a>. &nbsp;\t\t\t<\/label>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"mf_field mf_field--recaptcha\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6Lc3OpIUAAAAADY4ErEHF0HF6Tr7vuknduDU-fbl\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mf_field mf_field--submit\" >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"slide-button-background button-background\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"slider-submit-_mf_486116_3607\" class=\"slide-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSlide to submit\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-submit-_mf_486116_3607\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"range\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"mf_field__input slider-frm-btn\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trel=\"_mf_486116_3607\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmin=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmax=\"100\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvalue=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide to submit\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-describedby=\"slide-instruction-_mf_486116_3607\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-valuenow=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-valuemin=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-valuemax=\"100\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-orientation=\"horizontal\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"slider\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Icon element for Firefox (doesn't support ::before\/::after on inputs) -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"slider-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"slide-instruction-_mf_486116_3607\" class=\"sr-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUse right arrow keys to slide, or drag right with your finger. 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TTT2026_herobanner_Top-Tech-Trends-2026.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TTT2026_herobanner_Top-Tech-Trends-2026.jpg?w=1000&amp;quality=70 2x\" class=\"box-img\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div><h3 class=\"titleWithoutLink_learnMore\">Top tech trends of 2026<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"box-inner\"><p class=\"box-desc\">Rebuilding durable foundations for future growth<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"col-md-4\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"box-wrapper\"><a class=\"box-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/insights\/research-library\/technovision-2026\/\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"TechnoVision 2026\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"box-img-wrapper\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TechnoVision26-Web-banner.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TechnoVision26-Web-banner.jpg?w=500&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TechnoVision26-Web-banner.jpg?w=1000&amp;quality=70 2x\" class=\"box-img\" alt=\"TechnoVision26- Web banner\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div><h3 class=\"titleWithoutLink_learnMore\">TechnoVision 2026<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"box-inner\"><p class=\"box-desc\">Your gateway to applying emerging technologies<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"col-md-4\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"box-wrapper\"><a class=\"box-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/gb-en\/insights\/research-library\/conversations-for-tomorrow-10\/\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Conversations for Tomorrow #10: Crafting technology\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div 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