{"id":509021,"date":"2019-12-12T06:48:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T06:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/?post_type=research-and-insight&#038;p=512377"},"modified":"2025-04-01T14:47:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T14:47:21","slug":"taking-a-human-centered-approach-for-building-ethical-and-transparent-ai-michael-natusch","status":"publish","type":"research-and-insight","link":"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/ar-es\/insights\/biblioteca-de-investigacion\/taking-a-human-centered-approach-for-building-ethical-and-transparent-ai-michael-natusch\/","title":{"rendered":"Taking a Human-Centered Approach for Building Ethical and Transparent AI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<header class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-hero-reusable header heroReusable  \"><div class=\"header-bgs\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 1500px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=1440&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=2880&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 992px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=768&amp;quality=70 1x, https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg?w=768&amp;quality=70 2x\" media=\"(min-width: 0)\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/DTR_Speaker-Banner_1920x480_Grainge-1-1.jpg\" class=\"header-img header-img-d\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\" loading=\"eager\"\/><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"heroPictureCardHeaderShape\"><\/div><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-12\"><div class=\"box\"><div class=\"boxTagWrapper\"><div class=\"tagInfo\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"box-title\"><h1 data-maxlength=\"34\">Taking a Human-Centered Approach for Building Ethical and Transparent AI <\/h1><\/div><h2 class=\"reasearchInsightTitle\">Michael Natusch, Prudential <\/h2><div class=\"inner-row-insight download-btn\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-cg-blocks-group undefined section section--article-content section--story-content article-body\"><div class=\"article-main-content\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12 col-md-11 col-lg-10 offset-md-1 offset-lg-1\"><div class=\"article-text article-quote-text\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-michael-natusch-nbsp-is-the-global-nbsp-head-of-ai-at-prudential-and-nbsp-also-founder-of-the-ai-nbsp-center-of-excellence-in-nbsp-prudential-corporation-asia-nbsp-with-over-20-years-of-experience-in-data-nbsp-analytics-and-machine-learning-he-enjoys-nbsp-working-with-data-and-leading-edge-statistical-nbsp-methods-to-tackle-real-world-problems-which-nbsp-today-means-applying-machine-learning-nbsp-and-neural-networks-to-large-scale-nbsp-multi-structured-data-sets\">Michael Natusch&nbsp;is the global&nbsp;head of AI at Prudential and&nbsp;also founder of the AI&nbsp;Center of Excellence in&nbsp;Prudential Corporation Asia.&nbsp;With over 20 years of experience in data&nbsp;analytics and machine learning, he enjoys&nbsp;working with data and leading-edge statistical&nbsp;methods to tackle real-world problems, which&nbsp;today means applying machine learning&nbsp;and neural networks to large-scale,&nbsp;multi-structured data sets.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-capgemini-research-institute-spoke-with-nbsp-michael-to-understand-more-about-creating-an-nbsp-ethical-and-transparent-ai-and-the-nbsp-technological-challenges-involved\">The Capgemini Research Institute spoke with&nbsp;Michael to understand more about creating an&nbsp;ethical and transparent AI and the&nbsp;technological challenges involved.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ethics-and-transparency-nbsp-in-ai-at-prudential\">ETHICS AND TRANSPARENCY&nbsp;IN AI AT PRUDENTIAL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-model-you-have-deployed-nbsp-to-scale-ai-at-prudential\">What is the model you have deployed&nbsp;to scale AI at Prudential?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At Prudential, we have both a centralized and a localized&nbsp;model. I am a big believer that a centralized-only or a&nbsp;localized-only model would be doomed to fail. In the&nbsp;former, you would find people who build amazingly clever&nbsp;things that nobody ever wants to implement. And in the&nbsp;latter, you would find people who would spend literally all&nbsp;their time on minute process improvement without ever&nbsp;being able to truly reinvent the business and move beyond&nbsp;sub-optimization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, we want to have some centralized capability as that&nbsp;brings efficiency in terms of being able to copy-paste&nbsp;approaches to different countries and the ability to hire&nbsp;AI experts. But, to supplement that, we need to have&nbsp;localized capability. If you only have one, then it has not&nbsp;going to work very well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-you-define-ethics-and-transparency-nbsp-in-ai-at-prudential-and-what-is-driving-nbsp-action-in-the-organization\">How do you define ethics and transparency&nbsp;in AI at Prudential and what is driving&nbsp;action in the organization?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We do not have a working definition. Our position around&nbsp;AI and ethics is still evolving. We are still in the process of&nbsp;formulating as to what the position of the company is and&nbsp;what that means in practice. We have a program of action&nbsp;that, by the end of this year, we hope to have clearer views&nbsp;of where we stand as a company around ethics, AI, data,&nbsp;and all the associated aspects of transparency, privacy,&nbsp;and compliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-is-it-an-important-issue-for-prudential\">Why is it an important issue for Prudential?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three different strands that lead us to take&nbsp;this issue seriously. One is that there is an overarching&nbsp;conversation in society. For instance, our regulators are&nbsp;starting to look at it. The Monetary Authority of Singapore&nbsp;has published a paper called FEAT, which lays out some&nbsp;very basic principles. So, our vital stakeholders, our&nbsp;regulators, and even our board members, have thoughts&nbsp;and questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second strand comes from our business. We are trying&nbsp;to build something that either replaces or compliments&nbsp;an existing process with an AI solution. So, people are&nbsp;asking \u2013 \u201chow do you actually make a decision?\u201d One&nbsp;aspect of the \u201chow\u201d is obviously around accuracy. Are&nbsp;you making the right decision? What is your false positive&nbsp;rate? What is your true positive rate? Those kinds of&nbsp;questions. The second aspect to that is transparency.&nbsp;Can I, as an employee, understand it? If challenged by a&nbsp;regulator or customer, can I justify the decision that has&nbsp;been made? The question that employees also need to&nbsp;ask themselves is, \u201cam I making the right decision?\u201d Even&nbsp;though the decision might be precise and transparent, it&nbsp;might still be the wrong decision. And that has a legal and&nbsp;ethical component to it. So, for instance, am I explicitly or&nbsp;implicitly discriminating against a particular demographic?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third and final aspect is that we believe that ethical&nbsp;and transparent AI will be a competitive differentiator for&nbsp;us in the marketplace. We have a unique opportunity to&nbsp;seek consumer trust and a short window of time to realize&nbsp;this opportunity. We should demonstrate to people that&nbsp;they can trust us. And they can trust us not just in the&nbsp;world of the 1990s or the early 2000s, but they can also&nbsp;trust us going forward because we will deal with their data&nbsp;in the right way. We will not take their privacy for granted,&nbsp;we will not misuse their personal data, we will not infer&nbsp;things about them from the data that we have that they&nbsp;would consider inappropriate. By being cautious and doing&nbsp;the right thing by our customers, we hope to differentiate&nbsp;ourselves in the marketplace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-have-you-ever-experienced-any-ethical-issues-nbsp-in-ai-systems-that-you-have-deployed\">Have you ever experienced any ethical issues&nbsp;in AI systems that you have deployed?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We recently looked at facial recognition, in terms of&nbsp;identifying the kind of diagnostic aspects that we can&nbsp;read from a selfie. So, we started with some pre-trained&nbsp;models. And what came out clearly was that while the&nbsp;pre-trained model worked almost perfectly on some of our&nbsp;team members, it did not work at all on others. And it did&nbsp;not take a great genius to realize what was going on. For&nbsp;Caucasians, the model came out with the correct age, but&nbsp;people of South Asian origin tended to be estimated as&nbsp;being older than they were. People of East Asian ethnicity&nbsp;were estimated as being significantly younger than they&nbsp;were. So, even with this sort of five-minute playing around&nbsp;\u2013 and without doing anything really sophisticated \u2013 you&nbsp;realize that you cannot just bluntly apply pre-trained&nbsp;models using an off-the-shelf algorithm. There must be&nbsp;feedback in the middle. So, this is one simple and trivial&nbsp;example of that third aspect in our own work \u2013 where we&nbsp;became aware of ethical issues and what we need to do to&nbsp;attack these ethical issues head-on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-role-of-diversity-and-an-nbsp-ethical-code-of-conduct\">ROLE OF DIVERSITY AND AN&nbsp;ETHICAL CODE OF CONDUCT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-important-is-the-diversity-of-ai-teams-nbsp-when-identifying-potential-biases\">How important is the diversity of AI teams&nbsp;when identifying potential biases?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Diversity in every way \u2013 ethnic, gender, sexual orientation&nbsp;\u2013 are all very important. It is not just about modeling&nbsp;accuracy, but also about asking the right questions and&nbsp;doing things that are culturally sensitive. I think diversity&nbsp;in everyday interactions is extremely important for an AI&nbsp;team because you are not going to ask yourself questions&nbsp;that somebody from a different background would come&nbsp;up with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-does-prudential-already-have-an-ethical-nbsp-code-of-conduct-and-does-ai-feature-in-it\">Does Prudential already have an ethical&nbsp;code of conduct and does AI feature in it?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There is and it goes back quite a long time. What we are&nbsp;going through right now is translating it for the AI world.&nbsp;We are taking those principles, adapting them to AI, and&nbsp;extending them from an AI point of view. Hopefully, by the&nbsp;end of this year, we will get to a much more holistic, all-encompassing,&nbsp;ethical framework that is applicable across&nbsp;everything that we do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a low-scale, largely manual world, you can do things at&nbsp;a fairly slow, straightforward, manual manner. The ethical&nbsp;component is manageable because you can achieve that&nbsp;by training and very limited remedial actions. In a world&nbsp;that is dominated by AI, and where you work at scale, if you&nbsp;do something wrong, you do something wrong on a huge&nbsp;scale. And therefore, you need to be much more careful&nbsp;regarding ethics, transparency, privacy, and compliance.&nbsp;All these need to be incorporated by design right from the&nbsp;start. And that requires a very different way of working&nbsp;and thinking. Therefore, purely from an ethical point of&nbsp;view, the way we choose products and run processes in an&nbsp;AI-dominated world must be done in a very different way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ethics-by-design\">ETHICS BY DESIGN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-does-ethics-by-design-nbsp-mean-in-your-business\">What does ethics by design&nbsp;mean in your business?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ethics by design has three different aspects. One, it is&nbsp;about mindset. As much as we want to move fast, we&nbsp;cannot afford to break things. And that is a mindset thing.&nbsp;The second is about automated and continuous, softwareenabled&nbsp;checks. Are we doing the right things? Is there&nbsp;something that is coming up that that looks unusual? And&nbsp;that then leads to the third piece which is that, sooner or&nbsp;later, every model will misbehave. That is just a fact of life.&nbsp;So, based on the second step, you also need to have a level&nbsp;of human control. You have to have humans who every&nbsp;now and then look at what is coming out, re-think if we are&nbsp;doing the right things, and then adjust the model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ensuring-awareness-and-nbsp-responsibility-for-ethics-in-ai\">ENSURING AWARENESS AND&nbsp;RESPONSIBILITY FOR ETHICS IN AI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-you-ensure-that-the-relevant-nbsp-teams-are-aware-and-responsive-of-nbsp-ethics-and-transparency-in-ai\">How do you ensure that the relevant&nbsp;teams are aware and responsive of&nbsp;ethics and transparency in AI?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We have some really smart and empathetic people in the&nbsp;AI Center of Excellence. So, we have an understanding&nbsp;of the kind of biases that we need to watch out for. But,&nbsp;what I am really hoping for, is two things. I am looking&nbsp;for validation and completeness, and additions from the&nbsp;overall process that I described earlier. And the other&nbsp;thing that I am looking for is a checklist of things that need&nbsp;to be done less frequently, maybe just at the inception&nbsp;of a particular type of activity, and so on. Some of the&nbsp;checklists might be literal, whereas others might be more&nbsp;intangible. But those are the two kinds of things that I&nbsp;am hoping to get out of this effort, which will help us to&nbsp;supplement our own limited understanding around ethical&nbsp;issues and how to present them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-should-the-responsibility-lie-if-some-nbsp-systems-do-not-act-the-way-they-should\">Where should the responsibility lie if some&nbsp;systems do not act the way they should?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The seat of responsibility will not shift. Ultimately, the&nbsp;people who are accountable for what is happening in&nbsp;Prudential are the chairman and the CEO of Prudential.&nbsp;Our shareholders would ask, \u201cWhy did you not prevent&nbsp;this?\u201d So, that will not change. In the case of ethics, this is&nbsp;not something where responsibility lies with any particular&nbsp;individual in the company. It is a shared responsibility for&nbsp;all of us. My team and I are cogs in the wider machinery.&nbsp;We are not the only ones. There are other people who&nbsp;have their part to play as well. It is a shared activity in&nbsp;every sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-technological-challenges-nbsp-in-achieving-ethical-ai\">TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES&nbsp;IN ACHIEVING ETHICAL AI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-technological-challenges-nbsp-with-respect-to-achieving-ethics-in-ai\">What are the technological challenges&nbsp;with respect to achieving ethics in AI?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is essentially about applying the right type of technology&nbsp;in the right manner and for the right problem. For this,&nbsp;I actually have a framework in my mind which has two&nbsp;different axes. One axis is the volume axis, be it data&nbsp;points, the volume of transactions, or the volume of&nbsp;events. And the other axis is a value axis. And so, if you&nbsp;look at that space of volume versus cost of making the&nbsp;wrong decision, there are two extreme points that you&nbsp;can immediately identify. One is extremely high volume,&nbsp;extremely low cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A good example of that is doing a Google search. So,&nbsp;with 3.5 trillion Google searches a day, what is the cost&nbsp;of Google showing you the wrong ad on one of those&nbsp;searches? It is obviously virtually zero \u2013 the impact is&nbsp;minimal. And then, there is the other extreme. For&nbsp;instance, you are in a hospital, and you have a cancer&nbsp;patient, and you need to decide about the radiation dose&nbsp;for radiation therapy for that patient. Clearly, the volume&nbsp;is much lower, but the cost of making the wrong decision&nbsp;can be extremely high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And then, you have kind of a gray area in the middle. And&nbsp;everything that we do in terms of the kind of algorithms&nbsp;and technology we use, and what kind of considerations&nbsp;we need to get to, depends on where you are on this chart.&nbsp;In the high-volume, low-impact scenario, there are no real&nbsp;ethical considerations there because the impact is so low.&nbsp;On the other extreme, you need to think very hard about&nbsp;what to do. Regulators need to look very hard at what is&nbsp;happening there so that they protect the consumers or&nbsp;whoever they are serving.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Natusch is the global head of AI at Prudential and also founder of the AI Center of Excellence in Prudential Corporation 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